如何对锉刀进行最佳的热处理？应注意哪些问题？-钢锉|锉刀-无锡市苏锋工具有限公司

锉刀的热处理工艺流程如下：加热→冷却→热校直→冷却到室温→清洗→回火→清洗→检查。在热处理工艺的编制和操作过程中，防止齿部淬火脱碳和具有熟练的校直技术是锉刀热处理的关键，因此一般进行高频感应加热，或在可控气氛炉内处理，如没有条件则可在含有黄血盐的盐浴炉中进行。一般黄血盐的成分为：氯化钠50%+黄血盐35%+碳酸钠15%。资料介绍，在实际加热过程中黄血盐的成分可在10%～40%范围内波动。
The heat treatment process of the file is as follows: heating cooling thermal straightening cooling to room temperature cleaning tempering cleaning inspection. In the preparation and operation of heat treatment process, preventing tooth quenching decarbonization and skilled straightening technology are the key to file heat treatment. Therefore, high-frequency induction heating, or in a controlled atmosphere furnace treatment, if no conditions can be carried out in a salt bath furnace containing yellow blood salt. The ingredients of general yellow blood salt are sodium chloride, 50%+, sodium salt, 35%+, and sodium carbonate 15%. It is reported that the composition of yellow blood salt can fluctuate in the range of 10% to 40% in the actual heating process.
热处理工艺如下：
The heat treatment process is as follows:
①加热温度为750～790℃，保温时间根据热处理设备的不同来正确选择。
(1) the heating temperature is 750~790 degrees, and the holding time is chosen according to the difference of heat treatment equipment.
②冷却介质为10%的盐水或流动的清水，温度应低于30℃，以确保有足够的冷却性能，锉刀获得高的硬度。
(2) Cooling medium is 10% brine or flowing water, the temperature should be lower than 30 degrees Celsius to ensure adequate cooling performance, file to obtain high hardness.
③锉刀的低温回火，通常是在硝盐炉中进行，温度为160～180℃，时间为60～90min。
(3) The low temperature tempering of the file is usually carried out in a nitrate furnace. The temperature is 160-180 C and the time is 60-90 minutes.
热处理工艺注意事项：
Matters needing attention in heat treatment process:
①锉刀在冷却介质中冷却到180～200℃范围内，应取出立即进行手工校直。锉刀在短时间内校直后再放入介质中冷透，完全淬硬。
First, the file is cooled to 180~200 C in the cooling medium, and it should be removed for manual straightening immediately. The file is straightened in a short time and then put into the medium to cool thoroughly and completely harden.
②降低柄部硬度的方法有四种：其一在盐浴炉中短时间加热柄部后油冷；其二是将柄部在500℃左右回火后在油中冷却；其三为对柄部进行高频感应加热；最后为淬火冷却时，锉刀的齿部先入水，待柄部为暗红色时再整体冷却。
(2) There are four ways to reduce the hardness of the handle: firstly, the handle is heated for a short time in a salt bath furnace and then cooled in oil; secondly, the handle is tempered at about 500 degrees Celsius and then cooled in oil; thirdly, the handle is heated by high-frequency induction heating; finally, when quenching and cooling, the tooth of the file is first filled with water, and then cooled as a whole when the handle is dark red.
③锉刀的冷却技巧。对半圆锉在冷却时其弧形部分易向内侧弯曲，对其预变形；或者弧面向下与介质成45°入水。对于平锉、圆锉、三角锉和方锉等放入时与液面垂直。
Third, the cooling technique of file. The curved part of the semi-circular file is easy to bend inward when it is cooled, so it can be pre-deformed, or the curved part enters the water at 45 degrees with the medium downward. For flat file, round file, triangular file and square file, they are perpendicular to the liquid level when placed.
④锉刀的校直温度要正确掌握，出水早则硬度低；出水晚了会造成校直困难，甚至产生裂纹和折断现象。
(4) The straightening temperature of the file should be controlled correctly, and the hardness of the file will be low if the file is discharged early; the straightening will be difficult if the file is discharged late, even cracks and fracture will occur.
确保零件在热处理过程中顺利产出，故它是热处理工艺文件中的一个重要组成部分。
It is an important part of the heat treatment process document to ensure the smooth production of parts in the heat treatment process.